Flying to Canada: how the eTA works, who needs one and why a new passport means a new application

Visa-exempt foreign nationals need an Electronic Travel Authorization (eTA) to fly to Canada or to transit through a Canadian airport, according to Immigration, Refugees and Citizenship Canada (IRCC). The same travellers do not need an eTA when they arrive by car, bus, train or boat, including a cruise ship.

The authorisation is electronically linked to the traveller's passport and is valid for up to five years or until that passport expires, whichever comes first. IRCC states that anyone who gets a new passport needs to get a new eTA.

Not everyone can or must apply. U.S. citizens are exempt and must carry proper identification such as a valid U.S. passport, while lawful permanent residents of the United States are also exempt from the eTA requirement. Canadian citizens, including dual citizens, need a valid Canadian passport rather than an eTA.

IRCC says most applicants receive approval by email within minutes, but some requests can take several days if supporting documents are requested; in that case instructions are emailed within 72 hours. To apply, travellers need a valid passport from a visa-exempt country or territory and a valid email address. The government advises getting an eTA before booking a flight and applying only on its official website.

Eligibility depends on nationality and personal circumstances, so travellers should confirm on the official IRCC pages whether they need an eTA or a visitor visa before booking.